The French new wave filmmakers introduced non-continuity editing
as Jean Luc Godard and Francois Truffaut, pushed editing into the late 1950s
then throughout the 1960's. Non-narrative films of the 1960s used a carefree
editing style. Therefore the non-continuity editing style didn't match the
etiquette of the Hollywood editing styles. The fact that editing gained a lot
of attention was due to its non-continuous ways and its self-reflexive nature. (Reminding
them they where watching a film).
Secondly also in "The Hunger Games" we see a piece of non-continuity
editing, Gary Ross created this film. in this he breaks the 180 degree rule. However
he does this for a specific reason this reason is that he is trying to show the
audience the great atmosphere of the room and how large it is and that
everything that there Is in it. This is a successful rule break, as the
audience would hardly notice the change due to the room being large and
identical almost in each shot. Therefore it doesn't catch you eye and tell you
that the 180-degree rule has been broken. Also the reason in which the rule is
broken is due to the fact the director is trying to show us the feelings that
the character is feeling, these are confused and anxious in the way she doesn't
know where she was.
Finally in the film "The Shining" produced by Stanley Kubrick, we
also see the breaking of the 180-degree rule. The reason why this had been used
in this scene was to create a sense of argument between the two actors as they
argue in the toilet. As this is psychological horror the fact the rule is broken
is to be able to confuse the viewers and to make them seem anxious.
Task 5 continuity Editing Continuity editing is the most popular classic form of Hollywood editing, This form of editing was developed by D.W. Griffith such as in "The Birth of a Nation" and "Intolerance"
In continuity editing there are various techniques used these are;
Match on Action;
Match on Action is a basic type of editing which links different shots together, The way match on action is done is, Firstly it starts with the action, then the camera will cut, Finally it will finish with the action. A film maker may use this in his/her film production in order to create continuity in the movie. The fact this is used is in order to create a visual bridge in order to make the film look continuos and not noticing small cuts along the way. If a film maker didnt use these something that could go wrong would to make the film seem like its all clips stuck together rather that it be continuous an flow a lot more easier.
Eye Line Match;
Eye line match also links two shots together, The way this form of edit is preformed is you have the actor looking at something of screen, a book for example, Then the clip cuts, We then see what the actor was looking at, A film maker may use this in order for the audience to experience the same as the actor. If a film maker didnt use this some parts of the film wouldnt make sense due to the fact that we would see what the actor was looking at but then after we wouldnt know why or what they was looking at the specific object for.
Shot, Reverse Shot;
Shot, reverse shot is performed when two actors are speaking to each other this is carried out as the first shot will be of one character then when the other starts to talk the short will reverse to be on them. A film maker incudes this form of editing is used to allow the audience to see what characters are interacting with each other at ease. If this wasnt included in a film the audience wouldnt know who was talking, who they where talking too and why they may have been interacting with the other actor.
180 Degree Rule;
The basic 180 degree rule is a guideline that indicates all actors should have the same left and right relationship. The film maker may use this in his film to induce stability through out the length of it. If a film maker didnt use this within there film the whole film would look complicated as well as it would make the audience feel puzzled, in order to break the rule you may do this in a chase scene which is full of speed and suspense.
In the short clip that we made to show some of the ways in which you can use continuity editing. Firstly the first way me implemented the use of continuity editing was through match on action, the way we includeed this into are short clip was to use the door, Firstly we showed me opening the door then using the match on action technique we cut the clip and made it as so i was walking through the door into the classroom. why we used this was in order to gain a smooth piece of clip and to allow the video to be continuous in the way you see it. Secondly we incorparated the use of the eye line match technique, we used this almost in the middle of the clip as i ask David "where is my book" and then David points to the book. The clip now then cuts and we show the book in the recording after this i go and recive my book. The fact that we used this was to let the audience know that i had came to see the teacher in order to collect my book. Thirdly into the clip we later induced the, shot reverse shot technique the reason in why we did this, is so that the audience could see that i was intereacting with the teacher and that when it flipped he was interacting with me, The reason in which we used this was in order not the let the audience get confused when the actors where speaking. Finally the 180 degree rule. In our short clip we used the 180 degree rule however, once finishing the recording we found out when we went to edit we encountered a few mistakes, these mistakes where we broke the rule by standing the characters on the wrong sde. Therefore in order to illiminate the mistakes we used editing software to flip the footage at some points in order to not see where we went wrong. Overall this clip wasnt the best by far how ever it did show some type of continuity editing with in it. The areas in which i think i could improve on for the next time in which we shoot a clip and include editing is the 180 degree rule.
here is in the video in which we use the match on action clip. The way we used it is by me going to open the door then cutting the clip and showing me coming through the door.
This is where we have used the eye line match as it shows david pointing at the book. Then we cut the clip and show the book showing the audience what we are thinking and looking at.
There word montage has three different versions. There is the French term, Hollywood term and the soviet term. The French meaning means basically the assembly of clips and identifies the basic form of editing. Moving on to the Hollywood meaning a sequence of clips and a piece of narrative compressed to shorter length. Finally the last meaning Soviet is a method of juxtaposing clips to define meaning that didn't exist when each shot was alone.
The two key film makers of the montage era was, Les Kuleshev, and Serge Eisenstein.
Lev Kuleshev, was amongst one of the very first people to theorise about the cinema in the 1920s, Kuleshev argued that editing was like the construction of a building, (shot-by-shot) brick-by-brick, the shots created the film the bricks helped to erect the building. He did an experiment to prove his point. Through the video below we can see that he took a head shot of a famous Russian actor and intercut it with images. The reason in which why he did this was to allow the audience to make meaning of what they were seeing. The fact that he juxtaposed his shot created relationship within the clip.
Lev Kuleshev's Experiment.
Serge Eisenstein was considered the "Father of Montage", as well as this he was a student of Kuleshev. Eisenstein thought there of being two different ideas of montage. By contrasting shots Eisenstein tried to provoke associations that where induced by shots. As you can see from the clip below which was produced by Eisenstein show us the unrelated shots of the workers are being compared to the slaughter of the cow. This type of montage is a soviet montage.
Eisenstein's Strike Montage
From the clip below we can see that the rocky montage shows his whole training session therefore cut down in to a shorter amount of time meaning that is comes under the holly wood section of montage.
Rocky Hollywood Montage
Our First montage we produced was our holly wood montage. The intention behind this montage was to show the audience a variety of free kicks footballers may preform with or may do to train in order to get ready for a game. the montage makes meaning due to the fact that we start of with the bad free kicks first and gradually preform better ones as the clip gets on. I think this montage is successful in some ways due to its build up of amazing free kicks at the end and the syncing of the best free kick with the music, I think this montage could have been even better if we produced a wider variety of free kicks as the one that we have in it are very similar and therefore makes it seem boring.
Holly Wood Montage
Moving on to our soviet montage. our intention behind this montage was to induce actions to a face. The montage makes meaning due to the face that is shown in between clips in relation to the silly activities that is produced for example throwing the shoe at the wall then there being the face after. This allows the audience to think what the face maybe like there personality due to there actions. I think this was also a successful montage due to the fact that it relates to kuleshevs experiment as it is in a similar way.
